Knowledge and its Development across the Ages

The thumb drive is called ZWIBook (pronounced zwee-book).

Or search the internet for the word zwibook

And let’s talk one-on-one about the cost of ZWIBook and ways to reduce its cost ($50) down to the cost of a thumb drive ($17 to $20), plus the human effort of populating the thumb drive with the free-as-in speech / free-as-in-beer content of ZWIBook

Here is a ranking of the top 100 books downloaded from gutenberg.org in the last 30 days as of yesterday (Monday, October 7, 2024). All these books (and nearly 70,000 more!) are included with ZWIBook:

  1. Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
  2. Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare
  3. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
  4. Moby Dick; Or, The Whale by Herman Melville
  5. Middlemarch by George Eliot
  6. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
  7. A Room with a View by E. M. Forster
  8. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll
  9. Little Women; Or, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy by Louisa May Alcott
  10. The Enchanted April by Elizabeth Von Arnim
  11. The Blue Castle: a novel by L. M. Montgomery
  12. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
  13. The Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom — Complete by T. Smollett
  14. Cranford by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell
  15. The Expedition of Humphry Clinker by T. Smollett
  16. History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding
  17. The Adventures of Roderick Random by T. Smollett
  18. My Life — Volume 1 by Richard Wagner
  19. Twenty years after by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet
  20. A Doll's House : a play by Henrik Ibsen
  21. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald
  22. Dracula by Bram Stoker
  23. Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka
  24. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
  25. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde
  26. Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem
  27. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift
  28. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
  29. The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois
  30. The Importance of Being Earnest: A Trivial Comedy for Serious People by Oscar Wilde
  31. Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes
  32. The Iliad by Homer
  33. Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
  34. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
  35. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving
  36. A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
  37. The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli
  38. The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
  39. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle
  40. Jane Eyre: An Autobiography by Charlotte Brontë
  41. The Odyssey by Homer
  42. Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
  43. Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
  44. Second Treatise of Government by John Locke
  45. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave by Frederick Douglass
  46. Don Quijote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
  47. Ulysses by James Joyce
  48. War and Peace by graf Leo Tolstoy
  49. Grimms' Fairy Tales by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm
  50. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African by Equiano
  51. A Christmas Carol in Prose; Being a Ghost Story of Christmas by Charles Dickens
  52. The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet
  53. Dubliners by James Joyce
  54. The Confessions of St. Augustine by Bishop of Hippo Saint Augustine
  55. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Complete by Mark Twain
  56. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary
  57. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë
  58. Doctrina Christiana
  59. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
  60. Calculus Made Easy by Silvanus P. Thompson
  61. Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau
  62. The Republic by Plato
  63. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein
  64. A Study in Scarlet by Arthur Conan Doyle
  65. Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
  66. Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson by Mary White Rowlandson
  67. Du côté de chez Swann by Marcel Proust
  68. Anne of Green Gables by L. M. Montgomery
  69. Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
  70. The Works of Edgar Allan Poe — Volume 2 by Edgar Allan Poe
  71. The Romance of Lust: A classic Victorian erotic novel by Anonymous
  72. Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
  73. The divine comedy by Dante Alighieri
  74. The King in Yellow by Robert W. Chambers
  75. The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana by Vatsyayana
  76. Le Morte d'Arthur: Volume 1 by Sir Thomas Malory
  77. Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
  78. White Nights and Other Stories by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
  79. Les Misérables by Victor Hugo
  80. Carmilla by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu
  81. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin
  82. Peter Pan by J. M. Barrie
  83. The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle
  84. The Problems of Philosophy by Bertrand Russell
  85. Josefine Mutzenbacher by Felix Salten
  86. Oedipus King of Thebes by Sophocles
  87. Plays by Susan Glaspell
  88. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe
  89. On Liberty by John Stuart Mill
  90. Candide by Voltaire
  91. Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson
  92. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself by Harriet A. Jacobs
  93. Winnie-the-Pooh by A. A. Milne
  94. Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
  95. Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa by Cândido de Figueiredo
  96. Notes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky
  97. Lysistrata by Aristophanes
  98. The Ethics of Aristotle by Aristotle
  99. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum
  100. Meditations by Emperor of Rome Marcus Aurelius

Read this handout online (with hyperlinks) at bit.ly/tbc0zwibook00. Write your own notes in the blank space below.

For questions related to this handout, contact Tim “Sparky” Chambers, 719.357.7822

Topic Introduction

Convert to EB Garamond before printing. When presented on 10/8, the intro was exactly 500 words, a tribute to twooshes.

Let's go no farther back in the development of human knowledge than language. It is natural to imagine that practical knowledge related to basic survival was shared orally: how to make fire, what could be gathered and eaten, how to hunt, how to build shelters, how to make clothes, etc.

Imagine all the knowledge related to fire alone. It kept our ancestors warm, and we used it to cook our food. But can you build your own fire? I am an Eagle Scout, yet I confess that I have never made fire without, at the least, the help of matches.

Ancient hunting requires the exchange of knowledge about tools (nets, snares, spears, bows and arrows, blades, boomerangs, bolas, etc.), and how to use them.

Imagine all the knowledge related to tribal cultures: achievements worthy of emulation by patriarchs and matriarchs, and, probably, lessons learned from their mistakes and abject failures.

The invention of writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt facilitated the preservation of knowledge.

The invention of papyrus and parchment provided durable writing surfaces. Knowledge was written in books in the form of scrolls. Then along came paper.

The Romans introduced the codex, making books more portable, easier to store, and less expensive to produce. Paper books were cheaper than parchment books, helping spread knowledge more economically. But the earliest books were still handwritten, not printed.

Kudos to the Tang Dynasty China for inventing block printing on paper around the year 700.

Books were collected in libraries, which then served as centers for knowledge dissemination.

In 1440 Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the production of books with his world-changing movable type printing press. This technology allowed for rapid mass production of identical texts, making books more accessible and affordable for the general public. It profoundly accelerated the spread of knowledge. It transformed literacy and education.

Yes, the printing press transformed book knowledge. It also transformed shorter-form publishing. Martin Luther spread his 95 Theses as a printed pamphlet. Pamphlets kindled the American Revolution.

Now consider how communication has evolved to disseminate knowledge. Dash through communication innovations—the wired telegraph,[a][b][c][d] then wireless, then the telephone, then radio, then television, then dial-up internet, then the World Wide Web, then fast internet on desktop computers; and here we are today with portable notebook computers, tablets, and smartphones.

Today we rely on the internet to acquire knowledge. We download it to our devices on demand. ZWIBook is a prototype of the future of knowledge dissemination. Here is a digital library of nearly 70,000 books, pamphlets, and other published works. It’s been loaded on a memory stick for you from the Project Gutenberg website. Each item is numbered. Number 1 is The Declaration of Independence. My two-page handout lists the 100 most popular downloads—a tiny sample of the knowledge (non-fiction and fiction) that the library contains.

Here is my vision for the future: Replace the memory stick with computers, tablets, and smartphones pre-loaded with this growing collection. Since the day the original ZWIBook thumb drive was manufactured, the Gutenberg collection has grown by over five thousand. A larger memory stick is needed to hold them all!

A Little More History

Let’s hit some high points of knowledge up to the present day.

In Mesopotamia and Babylon there was cuneiform script and the creation of the first systematic star catalogs.

Egypt developed a sophisticated calendar, invented the plow, and built the pyramids.

In the Axial Age (800-200 BCE) philosophical and religious ideas emerged. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle in Greece; Confucius and Lao Tzu in China; Buddha in India; and the prophets of the Hebrew Bible in the Middle East. Then Jesus was born. Six hundred years after Christianity, Muhammad began spreading knowledge about Islam.

China pioneered knowledge about paper, silk, the maritime compass, the earliest printing press, and gunpowder.

Bouncing back to Greece in the Hellenistic period:  Eratosthenes, Euclid, and Archimedes pioneered geography, mathematics, astronomy, and engineering knowledge.

After Greece, the Roman Empire expanded across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, spreading knowledge about law, architecture, and governance.

Miscellany

This document was inspired by the Socrates Café in Monument, Colorado. Join us at the Monument Library Tuesdays at 1:00pm.

Knowledge thread at Perplexity

Tsundoku

Read Comparison of old & new introductions


l1030a Based on template j.mp/tbch0719a by Sparky tbchambers@gmail.com

[a]See what I did here? Dots and dashes. Haha.

[b](from Brave browser) yup, I see

[c]_Marked as resolved_

[d]_Re-opened_